Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of. The permanence of injected co 2 in deep saline aquifers mainly depends on caprock permeability. Deep, saline aquifers within sedimentary basins have been identified as attractive options for geologic storage with a large potential storage capacity for co2 disposal. Modeling diffusive and convective transport of a carbondioxide cap. Injection into a deep saline formation differs from injection into a hydrocarbon reservoir in that there is no produced fluid from the aquifer and the hydrogeologic characterization of both the receptor formation and the cap or seal is much more uncertain. Here, river and rain water is infiltrated into the. Thus far, groundwater contamination has not been associated. For some parts of the nation, largescale development of groundwater has caused decreases in the amount of groundwater that is present in aquifer storage and that discharges to surfacewater bodies. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in. Hydraulic control may reduce the risks and increase the safety of co2 sequestration. Saline groundwater may be a better water source for desalination by ro due to lower fouling potential, and reduced pretreatment costs.
Geoelectric soundings for delineation of saline water. Saline aquifers have great potential for co2 storage owing to long time co2 stability, large capacity of this reservoirs, and appropriate depth for storage in. Usgs map of the principal aquifers of the united states. To better understand climate change and global warming, researchers realize that they must address carbon emissions. Quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage of. Numerical investigation of multilayer co2 injection in deep saline aquifers with improperly abandoned wells by wasim a. Formation dryout from co2 injection into saline aquifers. To ensure for long timescale storage, co 2 is usually injected into the saline aquifers. Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of a. In wyoming, saline aquifers may be located in proximity to aquifers targeted for insitu recovery isr of uranium, trona, and potentially lithium gallegos and others, 2015. These natural reservoirs are developed primarily in. Dissolution of co2 into the brine, resulting in stable stratification, increases storage security. Dissolution of co 2 into the brine, resulting in stable stratification, increases storage security. Click download or read online button to get seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers book now.
Injection and storage of co 2 in deep saline aquifers. Storage of natural gas in saline aquifers storage of natural gas in saline aquifers katz, donald l tek, m. Saline aquifers definition, glossary, details power. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. Gas reservoirs developed within the colorado plateau and southern rocky mountains region are natural laboratories for studying the factors that promote longterm. A new study suggests using deep saline aquifers that are more than half a mile below the earths surface, far below the freshwater sources used for human consumption, as a storage place for the would be liquefied carbon dioxide. Eco2n is a fluid property module for the tough2 simulator version 2. It includes a comprehensive description of the thermodynamics and thermophysical properties of h2o nacl co2 mixtures, that reproduces fluid properties largely within experimental. Work recently completed by the new mexico bureau of geology and mineral resources describes the fresh and brackish water aquifers in the san juan basin region kelley et al. Groundwater quality and geochemistry, carson desert. This study performed several tests to find the optimal formula of drilling fluid that would be suitable under circumstances with high temperatures and salt concentrations similar to deep saline aquifers. Geological survey, in cooperation with the fort peck assiniboine and sioux tribes, in order to map areas of salinewater plumes. The facts and numbers i am presenting are from a usgs publication recently released entitled, estimated use of water in the united states in 2000 circular 1268. As we are interested to know how the data are being used and if igrac can be of further assistance, we would appreciate if.
In the present work, a 2d cartesian model of a saline aquifer was developed in the gproms modelbuilder, to provide a practical tool to study the feasibility of an aquifer for the co 2. Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook pdf. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Saline aquifers definition, glossary, details power plant ccs.
Final trapping state of co2 in the formation water is key to site selection and longterm safety for commercial scale co2 geological storage projects. Areas of high conductivity in shallow aquifers in the east poplar oil field area are being delineated by the u. It is an update of the transboundary aquifers of the world map update 2014 igzac 2014. Presentation mode open print download current view. The most recently compiled estimates of the quantity of. Liquid co2 injection for geological storage in deep saline. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Types of aquifers aquifers are classified in terms of their structure, hydraulic performance, texture, lithology, and the mobility of their water. Click download or read online button to get saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers book now. Correct measurement of diffusivity is essential for predicting rate of transfer and cumulative amount of trapped gas. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook. Deep saline aquifers are great candidates for sequestration once they offer high storage capacities and worldwide distribution. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of salinity level in the formation fluid on permeability of siltstone when advective flow of scco 2 is dominant.
The case study has identified and characterised deep saline aquifers of. A new study suggests using deep saline aquifers that are more than half a mile below the earths surface, far below the freshwater sources used for human consumption, as a storage pla. Effect of salinity on supercritical co2 permeability of. Quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage of co2 experiences from mustang project auli niemi uppsala university, sweden and mustang partners leading the way in ccs implementation workshop in london on 1415 april 2014 test sites 2. The tba map 2015 can be downloaded as a pdf file see menu bar above the map. The idealized aquifers and associated calculations of aquifer response to pumping discussed here represent ideal end members of a continuum. Water resource systems research unit, civil engineering department, university of newcastle upon tyne, u. Injection of co2 into deep saline aquifers involves co2 as a supercritical fluid that is less dense and less viscous than the resident formation water. Co2 storage in saline aquifers the uk groundwater forum. The modeling approach permitted many combinations of conditions. Little information is available on diffusion of ghg in saline aquifers. Experimental study of co2saline aquifercarbonate rock. Numerical investigation of multilayer co2 injection in deep.
The worldwide co 2 storage capacity of deep saline aquifers has been estimated to range from 100 to 10,000 gtco 2 7, 14, 17, 18. Geological survey, in cooperation with the fort peck assiniboine and sioux tribes, in order to map areas of saline water plumes. The dissolution rate is determined by convection in the brine driven by the increase of brine density with co 2 saturation. The groundwater head in the brine saline water area will also decrease about 1. The distribution of saline groundwater in the southern midcontinent is substantially affected by the hydrogeology and groundwaterflow systems of the aquifers. Groundwater salinity in the powder river basin, wyoming. Jan 30, 2003 gas reservoirs developed within the colorado plateau and southern rocky mountains region are natural laboratories for studying the factors that promote longterm storage of cosub 2. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline aquifers by amjad s. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers is practiced in several industrial activities, and is being considered as part of a possible mitigation strategy to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The publication is available to you in hardcopy from usgs information. Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers beneath the colorado plateau showing 14 of 26 pages in this report. These aquifers receive recharge at a rate of 80,000 ml yr and they are being pumped at a rate of 160,000 mlyr. Development of portable drilling fluid and seepage. In the shallow basinfill aquifers, water chemistyr varies from a dilute calcium bicarbonatedominated water beneath the irrigated areas to a saline sodium chloride dominated water beneath unirrigated areas.
For example, in the netherlands sand dunes are used for drinking water storage and purification. Similarity solutions may be derived for these problems by assuming that a sharp interface separates the two fluids, by imposing a suitable noflow condition along both the top and bottom boundaries, and by including. Confined and unconfined aquifers respond differently to. Storage of co 2 in deep saline aquifers is a promising techniques to mitigate global warming and reduce greenhouse gases ghg. Supercritical carbon dioxide co 2, co 2 that has been pressurized to a phase between gas and liquid, may be injected into a saline aquifer where it may either dissolve in the brine, react with the dissolved minerals or the surrounding rock, or. Aquifers in the carson desert are the primary source of drinking water, which is highly variable in chemical composition.
The geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water called brine. In the present work, a 2d cartesian model of a saline aquifer was developed in the gproms modelbuilder, to provide a practical tool to study the feasibility of an aquifer for the co 2 injection and its dynamic behaviour. Saline aquifers are sedimentary rocks saturated with saline, nonpotable water from which water can be drawn and fluids can e injected to be stored for a longer period of time. Problems associated with evaluation of aquifer storage prospects, geologic and geochemical requirements have been discussed along with topics. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers is practiced in several industrial activities, and is being considered as part of a. Geological survey completed the national brackish groundwater assessment to better understand the occurrence and characteristics of brackish groundwater in the united states as a potential water resource. Three aquifer units were delineated across the study area. A method to offset the energy cost of carbon capture and storage. Storage in saline aquifers inject co 2 into porous, permeable rocks. Numerical investigation of multilayer co2 injection in. Co 2 injected and stored as supercritical, dense phase to maximise efficiency. Water supply in some areas, particularly in arid and semiarid regions, is not adequate to meet demand, and severe drought is affecting large parts of the united states. Quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage. National perspective on saline aquifers trends in groundwater withdrawals, 19502000 figure 6.
Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers. Saline aquifers are geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water, called brine. Eco2n a new tough2 fluid property module for studies of co2. Water samples from the shallow aquifers commonly have dissolved. Additionally, these aquifers are often close to stationary pointsource co 2 emission sites, especially in the united states 4, 810, 1416. We present a new analogue fluid system that reproduces the convective behaviour. This study was aimed at mapping the subsurface extent of saline water intrusions into aquifers at the eastern part of dahomey basin, nigeria. Capacity is derived by displacing water out of reservoir pore volume and replacing with co. The unprocessed experimental image shown in figure 1a shows the mixing of a meg solution with 63 wt% ethylene. In support of the national census of water resources, the u. The cone of depression associated with a pumping well in a homogeneous aquifer. A detailed examination of data from existing saline aquifer.
It is important to understand how a storage will behave based on the injection rate of the co 2, such as knowledge of the gas migration pattern, saturation pattern among others. Problems associated with evaluation of aquifer storage prospects, geologic and geochemical requirements have been discussed along with topics related to operating pressures, gas retention, and pump tests. In this study, diffusivity of co2 into a saline aquifer taken from oil field was. Because sea water is slightly heavier than fresh water, it intrudes into aquifers in coastal areas forming a saline wedge below the fresh water. Deep saline aquifers are proposed as a promising sink for disposal of greenhouse gases in order to mitigate the air pollution. An important risk of geological storage is the potential for leakage along existing oil and gas wells. Measurement and modeling of co2 diffusion coefficient in saline. Part 1, effects of solids precipitation and their mitigation. As to their structure and hydraulic behavior they can be classified into free, unconfined or semi confined. Development of portable drilling fluid and seepage simulation. Pdf saline groundwater from coastal aquifers as a source. Recovering fresh water stored in saline limestone aquifers.
Hydrogeology, distribution, and volume of saline groundwater. Changes in groundwater levels resulting in saline water being drawn into an aquifer. Deep saline aquifers play a dominant role in co 2 sequestration, due to their high capacity 10 310 4 gtco 2, widespread availability and advantageous locations close to major co 2 sources. Nov 24, 2010 snapshots of the ae experimental and fi numerical results for the dissolution of co 2 meg in a water saturated porous medium. The aquifer model simulates the injection of a specified number of densephase co 2 streams into its injection coordinates. Where aquifers form a coastline, a natural gradient exists towards the coast and groundwater discharges into the sea. Modelling and simulation of a saline aquifer for co. Recovering fresh water stored in saline limestone aquifers recovering fresh water stored in saline limestone aquifers merritt, michael l. Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook. An aquifer is a geologic formation, a group of formations, or a part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield. Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers beneath the colorado plateau showing 14 of 27 pages in this report. This means that overall the system is losing water causing a decline in groundwater levels that affects users in the lower and middle aquifers. Soil cosub 2 flux surveys have been conducted over known cosub 2 reservoirs at farnham dome, utah, crystal geyserten mile graben in utah and springervillest. Chemical reactions that change the chemistry of groundwater or thermal sources such as volcanoes, hot rocks or the sun heating the groundwater.
The quality and availability of water has become a pressing issue worldwide, being particularly important in semiarid regions, where climate change has. Eco2n a new tough2 fluid property module for studies of. The boundary, or interface, between the two is in a. In horizontal or nearhorizontal aquifers, the lateral flow of variabledensity water is correctly. Siltstone caprock samples were fully saturated with different synthetic brines, which were similar to natural formation. Deep saline aquifers provide a large storage for co 2. Effects of co2 injection on the seismic velocity of. They also provide sites for storing additional cosub 2 if it can be separated from the flue gases of coalfired power plants in this part of the u. Many of the aquifers in the southern midcontinent are underlain by one or more aquifers, resulting in vertically stacked aquifers containing groundwaters of varying salinity. Storage needs to be effective for 00s to 000s of years. Co2 trapping state in saline aquifers and its implications for site.
The concept of underground fresh water storage in a saline environment has been applied in many countries and is a reliable, proven solution. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook pdf. The development of drilling fluids with low density for deep saline aquifers is in high demand. Map of the principal aquifers of the united states the areal and vertical location of the major aquifers is fundamental to the determination of groundwater availability for the nation.
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